Autism with Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) is a type of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is characterised by an intense anxiety or phobia towards demands and expectations placed on the individual.

PDA traits

Individuals with PDA are often highly resistant to following routines or completing tasks, which can make it difficult for them to participate in everyday activities such as attending school, completing homework, or participating in social interactions.

Some common characteristics of PDA include high levels of anxiety and stress when confronted with demands, a need for control, and a tendency to avoid or resist demands in order to maintain a sense of autonomy.

This can manifest as oppositional behavior, tantrums, or other disruptive behaviors when asked to do something that the individual perceives as a demand.

How common is PDA in autism

PDA is not a separate diagnosis, but rather a set of behavioral characteristics that are observed in some individuals with autism.

The exact prevalence of PDA in the autism population is not clear, but it is estimated to be around 10-15%.

Is PDA easy to recognise?

People with PDA often have highly developed social skills and can appear quite outgoing and sociable, but their difficulties with following demands and routines can make it difficult for them to engage in everyday social interactions.

They may also have sensory processing issues, such as being easily overwhelmed by loud noises or bright lights, which can further exacerbate their anxiety and stress.

How to help

While there is currently no cure for PDA, there are strategies that can help individuals with PDA manage their anxiety and improve their quality of life.

These may include cognitive-behavioral therapy, occupational therapy, and sensory integration therapy. With the right support, many individuals with PDA can learn to manage their anxiety and function more effectively in their everyday lives.