Rates of autism diagnosis are on the rise but is autism a new disorder? In this article we explore that very question.
Autism over the years
Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in autism diagnoses, leading some to believe that autism is a new disorder.
However, this notion is rooted in misconceptions and a lack of historical understanding.
In reality, autism is not a new disorder but rather a condition that has been recognised and understood more clearly in recent years.
In this article, we will explore the historical origins of autism and shed light on why it is not a new phenomenon.
History
Contrary to popular belief, autism is not a new disorder. The characteristics associated with autism have been described throughout history, albeit under different names and conceptual frameworks.
The term “autism” was first introduced in 1911 by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler.
He described symptoms of withdrawal from social interactions observed in individuals with schizophrenia.
However, it was not until the mid-20th century that autism was recognised as a distinct condition.
The breakthrough
In 1943, child psychiatrist Leo Kanner published a groundbreaking paper introducing “infantile autism” as a unique syndrome.
Kanner’s work marked a significant milestone in autism research, outlining the core features of the disorder.
She noted such challenges as social and communication difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests.
Shortly after Kanner’s findings, Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger independently identified a similar group of children.
He described them as having what he called “autistic psychopathy,” now known as Asperger’s syndrome.
The evolution of diagnosis
The diagnostic criteria for autism have undergone substantial changes over the years. This has led to increased identification of individuals on the autism spectrum.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has played a crucial role in shaping the understanding and diagnosis of autism.
In earlier editions of the DSM, autism was narrowly defined, resulting in many individuals not meeting the diagnostic criteria.
However, with each subsequent edition the diagnostic criteria have expanded to encompass a broader range of behaviours and symptoms.
This expansion has led to more inclusive and accurate identification of individuals on the spectrum.
Early intervention
One of the primary reasons for the apparent rise in autism diagnoses is the increased awareness and understanding of the disorder.
This increased knowledge among healthcare professionals, teachers, and the general public has naturally led to increased identification.
With greater awareness, healthcare providers are better equipped to identify and diagnose autism at an earlier age.
Studies have shown that early detection and intervention can improve outcomes for individuals with autism.
The early intervention is known to lead to better social and communication skills, increased independence, and enhanced quality of life.
Naturally this has meant efforts to detect autism early and provide appropriate support have expanded.
Summary – Is autism a new disorder?
Contrary to the notion that autism is a new disorder, it is important to recognise that autism has a long history.
It is more that it has only become better understood in recent years.
The historical origins of autism can be traced back to the early 20th century, and diagnostic criteria have evolved over time.
These widening of criteria has ended up leading to improved identification and awareness.
While the increased number of autism diagnoses may seem alarming, it is primarily due to greater recognition and understanding.
Rather than viewing autism as a new disorder, we should focus on promoting acceptance and support.
By fostering a more inclusive society, we can ensure that individuals with autism thrive and reach their full potential.
