Children with autism often have a complex relationship with food, but what can you do if your autistic child is refusing to eat?

In this article, we will delve into the reasons behind this behaviour and offer practical advice on how to approach mealtimes.

Autism and food refusal

Mealtimes can be a source of fun, connection, and interaction for families.

However, for parents of autistic children, it may present unique challenges that require patience and tailored strategies.

Autistic children may exhibit a range of behaviours, sensitivities, and preferences that influence their eating habits.

It’s crucial to recognise that these behaviours are not deliberate acts of defiance, but rather ways of coping with their personal challenges.

Why your autistic child may be refusing to eat

The world can look, feel and taste differently to autistic children and result in a reluctance to eat.

Let’s examine some of these possible reasons in more detail.

Sensory factors

Autistic kids often have heightened sensory sensitivities.

This means they may be extremely sensitive to certain textures, tastes, smells, or even the sound of chewing.

Foods that most people find normal might feel overwhelming or uncomfortable for them, leading to refusal to eat.

Routine and predicability

Autistic children often thrive on routine and predictability.

Any changes to their routine, such as eating in a different location or at a different time, can be distressing and cause them to reject food.

They may need time to adjust to new mealtime settings.

Mealtime anxiety

New foods or unfamiliar mealtime situations can trigger anxiety in autistic children.

This anxiety can lead to a fight-or-flight response, causing them to refuse food as a way to cope with their discomfort.

The pressure to try something new may intensify their anxiety.

Limited preferences

Autistic children may have a limited range of preferred foods due to sensory issues or routines.

They might develop strong attachments to specific foods and resist anything outside their comfort zone.

Expanding their food choices can be challenging and may require gradual exposure.

Communication struggles

Some autistic children struggle with communication, making it hard for them to express hunger, fullness, or preferences.

They might refuse food because they are unable to convey their needs effectively, leading to frustration and misunderstanding.

Desire for control

Autistic children might have a strong need for control over their environment and experiences.

Mealtime can become a battleground if they feel pressured or forced to eat. Refusing to eat might be a way for them to assert their autonomy.

Sensory seeking

While some autistic children are sensitive to sensory input, others actively seek it.

This can lead to repetitive behaviours during mealtime, like playing with food, rather than actually consuming it.

These behaviours might interfere with their ability to eat a proper meal.

Previous negative experiences

A single negative experience, such as choking or a bad reaction to a particular food, can create a lasting aversion.

The child might associate all foods with that negative experience and refuse to eat as a protective response.

Recognising hunger cues

Some autistic children may struggle to recognise the hunger cues their body is giving them.

This is similar to autistic children who drink very little fluid. The processes of hunger and thirst involve complex messaging to the brain which we take for granted.

An autistic child may have difficulty interpreting these messages correctly.

Fixed interests

Autistic children can develop fixed interests in a particular toy, object or past time.

It could be for example that they love rolling toy trains backwards and forwards and any removal from this activity causes distress.

This interest can trump any feelings of hunger or desire for sustenance.

What can parents do if their autistic child is refusing food?

As with many challenges us parents of autistic children face, a period of trial and error may be required.

Here are some practical steps to try;

Create a calm environment

Establishing a soothing mealtime environment can help alleviate anxiety.

Reduce sensory distractions, such as loud noises or bright lights, and consider introducing soft music or dim lighting.

Parents have had success with providing their child additions such as ear defenders during meal times.

Establish a routine

As mentioned above, routines can be key to making progress on a number of fronts with autistic kids.

Consistency in routines provides a sense of security, so try to maintain regular meal schedules.

One option to assist with generating a routine would be to use a schedule board. Schedule boards give autistic children a sense of predictability in their lives which can be comforting.

In addition to the times of the meals, try to keep other factors consistent such as the cutlery used.

Respect sensory needs

Autistic children may have heightened sensory sensitivities, which can affect their willingness to try certain foods.

Respect their preferences for specific textures, temperatures, and flavors.

Gradually introduce new foods, allowing them to explore at their own pace.

Steps like cooking foods slightly longer for children who like crunchy meals is something worth trying.

Fulfill their sensory needs elsewhere

If your child plays with their food during mealtimes you may need to fulfill their sensory needs before hand.

Encourage sensory exploration outside of mealtime by introducing activities that involve different textures.

This could include such as playing with modeling clay or finger painting.

This can help desensitise their sensory responses and potentially make mealtime more comfortable.

Also choosing the right type of cutlery is important, options like these on Amazon can help.

Work on communication

Many autistic children benefit from visual aids and clear communication.

Use visual schedules, picture cards, or social stories to help your child understand mealtime routines and expectations.

This can provide a sense of predictability and reduce anxiety.

Offer choice and control

Offer your child a sense of control by allowing them to participate in meal planning or preparation.

Involve them in selecting ingredients, setting the table, or even helping with cooking.

Parents have had success in taking their child shopping for food also so that they can have an impact on what goes in the trolly.

This can increase their engagement and willingness to try new foods.

Naturally you will have to box clever here in that if they develop a food habit they may always select the same meal.

You can guide your child’s choice by offering something which you know won’t be popular along with the option which you want your child to pick.

Be patent

Progress may be slow, but celebrating small achievements can build a positive atmosphere around mealtime.

Praise their efforts, even if it’s just taking a small bite or trying a new food.

Positive reinforcement can encourage them to explore more over time.

Get professional help

If your child’s eating challenges persist, consider seeking guidance from a pediatrician, registered dietitian, or a speech and language expert.

These professionals can provide specialised strategies and address any underlying concerns.

Summary – Autistic child refusing to eat

Supporting an autistic child through mealtime challenges requires a blend of patience, empathy, and adaptability.

By understanding the unique sensory and emotional aspects of their experience, parents can create a healthy relationship with food.

Remember, progress may take time and you will need to ramp up your levels of patience.

But with time, effort and love you will be surprised what can be achieved.